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<H3>thermo_style command 
</H3>
<P><B>Syntax:</B>
</P>
<PRE>thermo_style style args 
</PRE>
<UL><LI>style = <I>one</I> or <I>multi</I> or <I>custom</I> 

<LI>args = list of arguments for a particular style 

<PRE>  <I>one</I> args = none
  <I>multi</I> args = none
  <I>custom</I> args = list of attributes
    possible attributes = step, elapsed, elaplong, dt, time, cpu, tpcpu, spcpu,
                          atoms, temp, press, pe, ke, etotal, enthalpy,
                          evdwl, ecoul, epair, ebond, eangle, edihed, eimp,
                          emol, elong, etail,
                          vol, lx, ly, lz, xlo, xhi, ylo, yhi, zlo, zhi,
			  xy, xz, yz, xlat, ylat, zlat,
			  pxx, pyy, pzz, pxy, pxz, pyz,
			  fmax, fnorm,
			  cella, cellb, cellc, cellalpha, cellbeta, cellgamma,
			  c_ID, c_ID[I], c_ID[I][J],
                          f_ID, f_ID[I], f_ID[I][J],
                          v_name
      step = timestep
      elapsed = timesteps since start of this run
      elaplong = timesteps since start of initial run in a series of runs
      dt = timestep size
      time = simulation time
      cpu = elapsed CPU time in seconds
      tpcpu = time per CPU second
      spcpu = timesteps per CPU second
      atoms = # of atoms
      temp = temperature
      press = pressure
      pe = total potential energy
      ke = kinetic energy
      etotal = total energy (pe + ke)
      enthalpy = enthalpy (etotal + press*vol)
      evdwl = VanderWaal pairwise energy
      ecoul = Coulombic pairwise energy
      epair = pairwise energy (evdwl + ecoul + elong + etail)
      ebond = bond energy
      eangle = angle energy
      edihed = dihedral energy
      eimp = improper energy
      emol = molecular energy (ebond + eangle + edihed + eimp)
      elong = long-range kspace energy
      etail = VanderWaal energy long-range tail correction
      vol = volume
      lx,ly,lz = box lengths in x,y,z
      xlo,xhi,ylo,yhi,zlo,zhi = box boundaries
      xy,xz,yz = box tilt for triclinic (non-orthogonal) simulation boxes
      xlat,ylat,zlat = lattice spacings as calculated by <A HREF = "lattice.html">lattice</A> command
      pxx,pyy,pzz,pxy,pxz,pyz = 6 components of pressure tensor
      fmax = max component of force on any atom in any dimension
      fnorm = length of force vector for all atoms
      cella,cellb,cellc = periodic cell lattice constants a,b,c 
      cellalpha, cellbeta, cellgamma = periodic cell angles alpha,beta,gamma
      c_ID = global scalar value calculated by a compute with ID
      c_ID[I] = Ith component of global vector calculated by a compute with ID
      c_ID[I][J] = I,J component of global array calculated by a compute with ID
      f_ID = global scalar value calculated by a fix with ID
      f_ID[I] = Ith component of global vector calculated by a fix with ID
      f_ID[I][J] = I,J component of global array calculated by a fix with ID
      v_name = scalar value calculated by an equal-style variable with name 
</PRE>

</UL>
<P><B>Examples:</B>
</P>
<PRE>thermo_style multi
thermo_style custom step temp pe etotal press vol
thermo_style custom step temp etotal c_myTemp v_abc 
</PRE>
<P><B>Description:</B>
</P>
<P>Set the style and content for printing thermodynamic data to the
screen and log file.
</P>
<P>Style <I>one</I> prints a one-line summary of thermodynamic info that is
the equivalent of "thermo_style custom step temp epair emol etotal
press".  The line contains only numeric values.
</P>
<P>Style <I>multi</I> prints a multiple-line listing of thermodynamic info
that is the equivalent of "thermo_style custom etotal ke temp pe ebond
eangle edihed eimp evdwl ecoul elong press".  The listing contains
numeric values and a string ID for each quantity.
</P>
<P>Style <I>custom</I> is the most general setting and allows you to specify
which of the keywords listed above you want printed on each
thermodynamic timestep.  Note that the keywords c_ID, f_ID, v_name are
references to <A HREF = "compute.html">computes</A>, <A HREF = "fix.html">fixes</A>, and
equal-style <A HREF = "variable.html"">variables</A> that have been defined
elsewhere in the input script or can even be new styles which users
have added to LAMMPS (see the <A HREF = "Section_modify.html">Section_modify</A>
section of the documentation).  Thus the <I>custom</I> style provides a
flexible means of outputting essentially any desired quantity as a
simulation proceeds.
</P>
<P>All styles except <I>custom</I> have <I>vol</I> appended to their list of
outputs if the simulation box volume changes during the simulation.
</P>
<P>The values printed by the various keywords are instantaneous values,
calculated on the current timestep.  Time-averaged quantities, which
include values from previous timesteps, can be output by using the
f_ID keyword and accessing a fix that does time-averaging such as the
<A HREF = "fix_ave_time.html">fix ave/time</A> command.
</P>
<P>Options invoked by the <A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify</A> command can
be used to set the one- or multi-line format of the print-out, the
normalization of thermodynamic output (total values versus per-atom
values for extensive quantities (ones which scale with the number of
atoms in the system), and the numeric precision of each printed value.
</P>
<P>IMPORTANT NOTE: When you use a "thermo_style" command, all
thermodynamic settings are restored to their default values, including
those previously set by a <A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify</A> command.
Thus if your input script specifies a thermo_style command, you should
use the thermo_modify command after it.
</P>
<HR>

<P>Several of the thermodynamic quantities require a temperature to be
computed: "temp", "press", "ke", "etotal", "enthalpy", "pxx", etc.  By
default this is done by using a <I>temperature</I> compute which is created
when LAMMPS starts up, as if this command had been issued:
</P>
<PRE>compute thermo_temp all temp 
</PRE>
<P>See the <A HREF = "compute_temp.html">compute temp</A> command for details.  Note
that the ID of this compute is <I>thermo_temp</I> and the group is <I>all</I>.
You can change the attributes of this temperature (e.g. its
degrees-of-freedom) via the <A HREF = "compute_modify.html">compute_modify</A>
command.  Alternatively, you can directly assign a new compute (that
calculates temperature) which you have defined, to be used for
calculating any thermodynamic quantity that requires a temperature.
This is done via the <A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify</A> command.
</P>
<P>Several of the thermodynamic quantities require a pressure to be
computed: "press", "enthalpy", "pxx", etc.  By default this is done by
using a <I>pressure</I> compute which is created when LAMMPS starts up, as
if this command had been issued:
</P>
<PRE>compute thermo_press all pressure thermo_temp 
</PRE>
<P>See the <A HREF = "compute_pressure.html">compute pressure</A> command for details.
Note that the ID of this compute is <I>thermo_press</I> and the group is
<I>all</I>.  You can change the attributes of this pressure via the
<A HREF = "compute_modify.html">compute_modify</A> command.  Alternatively, you can
directly assign a new compute (that calculates pressure) which you
have defined, to be used for calculating any thermodynamic quantity
that requires a pressure.  This is done via the
<A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify</A> command.
</P>
<P>Several of the thermodynamic quantities require a potential energy to
be computed: "pe", "etotal", "ebond", etc.  This is done by using a
<I>pe</I> compute which is created when LAMMPS starts up, as if this
command had been issued:
</P>
<PRE>compute thermo_pe all pe 
</PRE>
<P>See the <A HREF = "compute_pe.html">compute pe</A> command for details.  Note that
the ID of this compute is <I>thermo_pe</I> and the group is <I>all</I>.  You can
change the attributes of this potential energy via the
<A HREF = "compute_modify.html">compute_modify</A> command.
</P>
<HR>

<P>The kinetic energy of the system <I>ke</I> is inferred from the temperature
of the system with 1/2 Kb T of energy for each degree of freedom.
Thus, using different <A HREF = "compute.html">compute commands</A> for calculating
temperature, via the <A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify temp</A> command,
may yield different kinetic energies, since different computes that
calculate temperature can subtract out different non-thermal
components of velocity and/or include different degrees of freedom
(translational, rotational, etc).
</P>
<P>The potential energy of the system <I>pe</I> will include contributions
from fixes if the <A HREF = "fix_modify.html">fix_modify thermo</A> option is set
for a fix that calculates such a contribution.  For example, the <A HREF = "fix_wall.html">fix
wall/lj93</A> fix calculates the energy of atoms
interacting with the wall.  See the doc pages for "individual fixes"
to see which ones contribute.
</P>
<P>A long-range tail correction <I>etail</I> for the VanderWaal pairwise
energy will be non-zero only if the <A HREF = "pair_modify.html">pair_modify
tail</A> option is turned on.  The <I>etail</I> contribution
is included in <I>evdwl</I>, <I>pe</I>, and <I>etotal</I>, and the corresponding tail
correction to the pressure is included in <I>press</I> and <I>pxx</I>, <I>pyy</I>,
etc.
</P>
<HR>

<P>The <I>step</I>, <I>elapsed</I>, and <I>elaplong</I> keywords refer to timestep
count.  <I>Step</I> is the current timestep, or iteration count when a
<A HREF = "minimize.html">minimization</A> is being performed.  <I>Elapsed</I> is the
number of timesteps elapsed since the beginning of this run.
<I>Elaplong</I> is the number of timesteps elapsed since the beginning of
an initial run in a series of runs.  See the <I>start</I> and <I>stop</I>
keywords for the <A HREF = "run.html">run</A> for info on how to invoke a series of
runs that keep track of an initial starting time.  If these keywords
are not used, then <I>elapsed</I> and <I>elaplong</I> are the same value.
</P>
<P>The <I>dt</I> keyword is the current timestep size in time
<A HREF = "units.html">units</A>.  The <I>time</I> keyword is the current elapsed
simulation time, also in time <A HREF = "units.html">units</A>, which is simply
(step*dt) if the timestep size has not changed and the timestep has
not been reset.  If the timestep has changed (e.g. via <A HREF = "fix_dt_reset.html">fix
dt/reset</A>) or the timestep has been reset (e.g. via
the "reset_timestep" command), then the simulation time is effectively
a cummulative value up to the current point.
</P>
<P>The <I>cpu</I> keyword is elapsed CPU seconds since the beginning of this
run.  The <I>tpcpu</I> and <I>spcpu</I> keywords are measures of how fast your
simulation is currently running.  The <I>tpcpu</I> keyword is simulation
time per CPU second, where simulation time is in time
<A HREF = "units.html">units</A>.  E.g. for metal units, the <I>tpcpu</I> value would be
picoseconds per CPU second.  The <I>spcpu</I> keyword is the number of
timesteps per CPU second.  Both quantities are on-the-fly metrics,
measured relative to the last time they were invoked.  Thus if you are
printing out thermodyamic output every 100 timesteps, the two keywords
will continually output the time and timestep rate for the last 100
steps.  The <I>tpcpu</I> keyword does not attempt to track any changes in
timestep size, e.g. due to using the <A HREF = "fix_dt_reset.html">fix dt/reset</A>
command.
</P>
<P>The <I>fmax</I> and <I>fnorm</I> keywords are useful for monitoring the progress
of an <A HREF = "minimize.html">energy minimization</A>.  The <I>fmax</I> keyword
calculates the maximum force in any dimension on any atom in the
system, or the infinity-norm of the force vector for the system.  The
<I>fnorm</I> keyword calculates the 2-norm or length of the force vector.
</P>
<P>The keywords <I>cella</I>, <I>cellb</I>, <I>cellc</I>, <I>cellalpha</I>, <I>cellbeta</I>,
<I>cellgamma</I>, correspond to the usual crystallographic quantities that
define the periodic unit cell of a crystal.  See <A HREF = "Section_howto.html#howto_12">this
section</A> of the doc pages for a geometric
description of triclinic periodic cells, including a precise defintion
of these quantities in terms of the internal LAMMPS cell dimensions
<I>lx</I>, <I>ly</I>, <I>lz</I>, <I>yz</I>, <I>xz</I>, <I>xy</I>,
</P>
<HR>

<P>The <I>c_ID</I> and <I>c_ID[I]</I> and <I>c_ID[I][J]</I> keywords allow global
values calculated by a compute to be output.  As discussed on the
<A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A> doc page, computes can calculate global,
per-atom, or local values.  Only global values can be referenced by
this command.  However, per-atom compute values can be referenced in a
<A HREF = "variable.html">variable</A> and the variable referenced by thermo_style
custom, as discussed below.
</P>
<P>The ID in the keyword should be replaced by the actual ID of a compute
that has been defined elsewhere in the input script.  See the
<A HREF = "compute.html">compute</A> command for details.  If the compute calculates
a global scalar, vector, or array, then the keyword formats with 0, 1,
or 2 brackets will reference a scalar value from the compute.
</P>
<P>Note that some computes calculate "intensive" global quantities like
temperature; others calculate "extensive" global quantities like
kinetic energy that are summed over all atoms in the compute group.
Intensive quantities are printed directly without normalization by
thermo_style custom.  Extensive quantities may be normalized by the
total number of atoms in the simulation (NOT the number of atoms in
the compute group) when output, depending on the <A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify
norm</A> option being used.
</P>
<P>The <I>f_ID</I> and <I>f_ID[I]</I> and <I>f_ID[I][J]</I> keywords allow global
values calculated by a fix to be output.  As discussed on the
<A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> doc page, fixes can calculate global, per-atom, or
local values.  Only global values can be referenced by this command.
However, per-atom fix values can be referenced in a
<A HREF = "variable.html">variable</A> and the variable referenced by thermo_style
custom, as discussed below.
</P>
<P>The ID in the keyword should be replaced by the actual ID of a fix
that has been defined elsewhere in the input script.  See the
<A HREF = "fix.html">fix</A> command for details.  If the fix calculates a global
scalar, vector, or array, then the keyword formats with 0, 1, or 2
brackets will reference a scalar value from the fix.
</P>
<P>Note that some fixes calculate "intensive" global quantities like
timestep size; others calculate "extensive" global quantities like
energy that are summed over all atoms in the fix group.  Intensive
quantities are printed directly without normalization by thermo_style
custom.  Extensive quantities may be normalized by the total number of
atoms in the simulation (NOT the number of atoms in the fix group)
when output, depending on the <A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify norm</A>
option being used.
</P>
<P>The <I>v_name</I> keyword allow the current value of a variable to be
output.  The name in the keyword should be replaced by the variable
name that has been defined elsewhere in the input script.  Only
equal-style variables can be referenced.  See the
<A HREF = "variable.html">variable</A> command for details.  Variables of style
<I>equal</I> can reference per-atom properties or thermodynamic keywords,
or they can invoke other computes, fixes, or variables when evaluated,
so this is a very general means of creating thermodynamic output.
</P>
<P>Note that equal-style variables are assumed to be "intensive" global
quantities, which are thus printed as-is, without normalization by
thermo_style custom.  You can include a division by "natoms" in the
variable formula if this is not the case.
</P>
<HR>

<P><B>Restrictions:</B>
</P>
<P>This command must come after the simulation box is defined by a
<A HREF = "read_data.html">read_data</A>, <A HREF = "read_restart.html">read_restart</A>, or
<A HREF = "create_box.html">create_box</A> command.
</P>
<P><B>Related commands:</B>
</P>
<P><A HREF = "thermo.html">thermo</A>, <A HREF = "thermo_modify.html">thermo_modify</A>,
<A HREF = "fix_modify.html">fix_modify</A>, <A HREF = "compute_temp.html">compute temp</A>,
<A HREF = "compute_pressure.html">compute pressure</A>
</P>
<P><B>Default:</B>
</P>
<PRE>thermo_style one 
</PRE>
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